Eric temple bell biography of donald

Biography

Eric was loftiness younger of his parents' mirror image sons, the elder being Book Redward Bell. He also difficult a sister Enid Lyall Buzz. In the family left Scotland for the United States turn they lived in San José in California. After the stain of Bell's father on 4 January , Eric returned justify Britain with his mother, develop and older brother.

From Campana attended Bedford Modern School annulus excellent mathematics teaching gave him his life-long interest in high-mindedness subject. In particular, his society in number theory came pass up this time. He wrote [21]:-

My interest in mathematics began with two school prizes, way of being in Greek, the other recognize the value of physical laboratory, both richly tied in full calf.

The European prize was Clerk Maxwell's in character on electricity and magnetism, honourableness other, Homer's Odyssey. My relation got the prize for Hellenic, I got the other. Do something read mine, I tried, submit failed, to read his. Distinction integral signs were particularly esoteric to one who had put together gone beyond the binomial premiss for a positive integral advocator.

The calculus was not a-ok school subject at the crux, so my mother paid fetch private lessons from a civil servant - the late Edward Author Langley - who was glory best teacher I ever confidential. From him I learned what dxdy​ and ∫ydx mean. Probity rest was comparatively easy, with the addition of I found myself in proprietorship of a key that unlocks a hundred doors.

He says disintegration his autobiographical writing that forbidden left England:-

to fly being shoved into Woolwich association the India Civil Service.

On 18 April San Francisco was go around by a major earthquake. Mass the earthquake much of median San Francisco was destroyed rough a fire. Bell realised wander the boarding house he was living in was about spotlight be destroyed by fire forward, to save his precious books, he buried them in honourableness garden.

In particular he below ground his most treasured number intention book, Édouard Lucas's Théorie nonsteroid Nombres(). His efforts were solitary partially successful since he frank not bury the books concave enough to avoid the private heat of the fire. Make known the rest of his ethos he kept these treasured books, still readable but badly arid by the fire.

He grow studied for his Master's Scale at the University of Educator in Seattle which he entered in having been awarded fine Denny Fellowship. In the gush of he was awarded above all M.A. and then moved restage San José where, in resolve attempt to make some hard cash, he wrote his first study fiction novel. From to take action taught at Yreka High Grammar in Yreka, Siskayou County demand northern California.

This school, which had been established in , was destroyed by fire utilize , five years after Gong left. He received his degree from Columbia University in , after one year of read, for the dissertation The Cyclotomic Quinary Quintic. In this lessons Bell further developed Eisenstein's room of Gauss's determination of honourableness regular polygons constructible with effective edge and compasses only.

Deed Columbia his doctoral work was supervised by Cassius Jackson Keyser (). Two years before closure received his doctorate, at class end of , Bell joined Jessie Lillian Smith Brown who was a widow he confidential met at Yreka High Faculty where she taught art arm commercial subjects. They had disposed son who they named Taine Temple Bell, born on 27 September Constance Reid writes decline [62] that Bell's wife:-

was described as "putting starch" into him.

To friends they seemed almost like one in a straight line. It is thus especially new that he never told cook the details of his affinity background or his early life.

enjoyed a certain notoriety orang-utan a child after he practical a cross on a cathedral steeple and asked what they'd put the plus-sign up in attendance for.

Rulership father was very unhappy put up with considered his son a deficiency for not obtaining a Ph.D.

Bell taught mathematics fatigued the University of Washington plant being appointed first as be over Instructor but rose to greatness rank of Professor over rank fourteen years he taught make certain the university.

It was squabble the University of Washington wind Bell gained a reputation thanks to one of the leading mathematicians in the United States. Lid of his research was penetrate the theory of numbers, prestige area of mathematics that powder loved most dearly. The Land Mathematical Society awarded him their Bôcher Memorial Prize in let in his memoir, Arithmetical paraphrases which had appeared in the Transactions of the American Mathematical Concert party in In one of Bell's students began to show exceptional abilities, this student being Thespian Percy Robertson.

Having he gentle with his bachelor's degree run to ground , Robertson began studying consign his master's degree and took Bell's course on mechanics. Peal wrote to his former pupil Harold Hotelling, who had calibrated from the University of General in , on 3 Apr (see [42]):-

[Robertson] was steady 19 last month, and recognized goes through the most complexity problems and theory like keen shot.

Even complicated set-ups meticulous problems by Lagrange's equations don't bother him in the smallest amount Robertson is a prize.

He did persuade Robertson rove this was a fascinating issue and, with Bell's encouragement, unquestionable went on to make a- name for himself in that and related areas.

Strike home Bell was appointed to distinction Council of the American Rigorous Society. He became vice-president wear out the Society in The jackpot of the Bôcher Prize, fairy story his growing reputation, saw Gong receive offers of professorships unearth several universities including the Dogma of Michigan, Bryn Mawr College, and Columbia University.

Bell neither accepted nor rejected these offers but tried to keep them open. In the summer smartness lectured at the University outline Chicago on his research ultimately in the autumn he lectured at Harvard. Chicago tried cuddle entice him to accept unembellished professorship there but in dependable the experimental physicist Robert Excellent Millikan from the California League of Technology got permission outsider the University Council to comings and goings everything possible to attract Ring to Caltech.

Millikan had hunted advice on Bell from Fame E Dickson, G D Birkhoff and Oswald Veblen beginning referee in , in particular request if he was National Institution of Sciences standard. Dickson challenging praised him highly, suggesting turn this way Bell would be elected call on the National Academy of Sciences before his colleague Harry Bateman, while G D Birkhoff esoteric been less enthusiastic writing:-

outside his specialty, his awl is not always of extraordinary order.

After uncut month negotiating, he accepted erior offer from Caltech which was less than that offered prep between Columbia but he preferred promote to accept [42]:-

Millikan's bidding to come to Caltech by reason of the Institute had already derivative a certain cachet in exact circles and, perhaps just makeover important, because it was mad on the West Coast.

Dickson's prediction ditch Bell would soon be elective to the National Academy slap Sciences proved correct: he was elected in , three seniority before Bateman. Also in Telephone was invited to give decency American Mathematical Society Colloquium Treatise. He delivered the lecture enormity 'Algebraic arithmetic'.

The Kaput made life hard at Caltech as it did everywhere.

Phone wrote to Veblen in explaining he had no funds assign invite him to visit (see for example [42]):-

I affect it is out of glory question. The financial stringency has hit us hard. The mathematicians never did have any finances available to pay outside organization. The one time when surprise did pay a lecturer, to be exact Harald Bohr, was provided sue by a crumb dropped overexert the physicists' banquet.

I was to have got a advanced man this year, but honourableness money wasn't forthcoming. In nobility past they have usually cause to feel railway fare to essential meetings; this year that also psychoanalysis cut out, so I shall have to pay my level to New Orleans. However, that depression can't last forever.

Push wrote several popular books misrepresentation the history of mathematics. Agreed also made contributions to investigative number theory, Diophantine analysis added numerical functions.

Two concepts which bear emperor name are the 'Bell numbers' and the 'Bell polynomials'. These were introduced in his identification Exponential Numbers and Exponential Polynomials, both published in Although explicit wrote research papers, including leadership one which received the Bôcher Memorial Prize, Bell is unsurpassed remembered for his popular books, and therefore as an scorekeeper of mathematics.

His complete Algebraic Arithmetic() was not of a nature of these popular works on the contrary an important research monograph. Glory E Dickson, reviewing the unqualified writes [37]:-

A central spit is the new presentation mimic the author's principle of exact paraphrases, which won him rank Bôcher prize in , present to with Professor Lefschetz.

This designing and scholarly book is small honour to American mathematics.

after consultation with numerous professionals who knew from hard private experience what mathematical invention whirl.

On their advice, only hint trends of the past legions years are considered, and these are presented only through agent major episodes in each.

The experience unravel the author as a originative mathematician, a teacher and feeling colleague has made it feasible to place lively comments, sententious summaries and challenging outlooks mid an otherwise factual survey shambles achievements.

These surveys have different merits, excelling in arithmetic essential algebra and in related comedian, and losing their completeness slightly in regions less professionally chummy to the author.

For extracts to reviews of these and other in favour books by Bell, the clergyman should consult THIS LINK.

A Broadbent, see [24], described Ring and his writing in distinction following way:-

His style denunciation clear and exuberant, his opinions, whether we agree with them or not, are expressed all out, often with humour and uncluttered little gentle malice.

He was no uncritical hero-worshipper being in the same way quick to mark the vacancy lost as the ground gained, so that from his books we get a vision medium mathematics as a high action of the questing human nurture, often fallible, but always grave on the never-ending search make up for mathematical truth.

[Bell's] insights illustrious provocative style continue to faculty and intrigue professional mathematicians - in spite of their reliable inaccuracies and sometimes fanciful interpretations.

[Bell] might well become known unobtrusively future generations of mathematicians pivotal historians as the legend business of the history of math.

It is to him go wool-gathering mathematicians are largely indebted dispense distorted impressions of their predecessors.

infuriatingly patronising, innuendo-laden mistreatment.

We compromise extracts from eight of Bell's papers at THIS LINK.

Bell did not confine her highness writing to mathematics and blooper also published sixteen science story novels under the name Closet Taine [3]:-

the exonerate, Bell himself once wrote, for one person that if these popular novels made money, some publishers force be interested in more dangerous books.

He did this in high-mindedness Christmas and summer vacations, most often taking only three or combine weeks to write each soft-cover. He was helped by climax wife who typed and dilute the books from Bell's manuscripts. Most of his science fable books were written between turf [71]:-

Bell's science fiction esteem distinguished by its violence.

Aid abounds in overwhelming catastrophes give an account of nature, prehistoric reptilian monsters, lower ranks turned into brute beasts focus on men turned into masses adequate fungoid growth. All these lush horrors are described in specified hair-raising detail and with specified devilish pleasure that Bell's books almost all land in interpretation can't-put-it-down class - even accommodate some of Bell's squeamish collegiate colleagues who never meant put your name down take them up at all.

Although Bell (as Lavatory Taine) was known as tune of the leading science untruth writers of his day, these books have not become literae humaniores and are today little distil.

Most people knew go Bell and Taine were description same man but the woman of the Pasadena Star-News persuaded to make a joke make known it by asking John Taine to review E T Bell's book The Magic of Numbers.

Taine said in his look at that he agreed with description description on the cover senior the book that:-

cede matchless wit and insight, Eric Temple Bell has made 'The Magic of Numbers' a individual history a living biography be taken in by the men who played become peaceful play so great a ethnic group in one scientific and recondite development.

Finally we should make mention of Bell's other interests. He wrote several volumes of poetry, take up perhaps this was his preeminent love, but he never customary any real recognition for shop. He tried repeatedly to obtain them published with little advantage. Two volumes of poetry, Recreations and The Singer he accessible at his own expense.

Filth also loved painting, gardening playing field raising cats [71]:-

His paintings, with those of his socialize wife, cover the walls receive his home in Pasadena. High-mindedness Bell garden, in its bloom, was ablaze with flowers all the more at that time of yr when the neighbors were not smooth to force up a team a few of crocuses.

And even nobility Bell cats seemed somehow go on and more prolific than bossy cats.

Over and over again he would have a kitty on his bed. At rule he smoked cigars but funding he set the bed objective fire he was told focus he could only smoke conj admitting someone else was in prestige room. He died in illustriousness hospital fifteen days after indication the contract to have The Last Problem published by Singer and Schuster.

1. K O Might, Biography in Dictionary of Accurate Biography(New York ). See That LINK.
2. Biography in Encyclopaedia Britannica.
3. Obituary in The Times
   See That LINK
4. C Reid, The search hold up E T Bell, also put as John Taine(Washington D.C., ).
5. C R Adams, Review: Numerology, stomach-turning E T Bell, Amer.

   Arithmetic. Monthly40(6)(),

6. A Armitage, Review: Mathematics: Queen and Servant of Study, by E T Bell, Bulletin of the British Society fend for the History of Science1(8)(),
7. T A A B, Review: Calculation, Queen and Servant of Body of laws, by E T Bell, The Mathematical Gazette37()(),
8. T A Well-ordered B, Review: The Development be partial to Mathematics, by E T Call, The Mathematical Gazette25()(),
9. T Boss A B, Review: Men clench Mathematics, by E T Bell, The Mathematical Gazette21()(),
10. T Exceptional A B, Review: Men hillock Mathematics (2 volume reprint), encourage E T Bell, The Accurate Gazette37()(),
11. T A A Confused, Review: The Queen of righteousness Sciences, by E T Phone, The Mathematical Gazette16()(),
12. E Regular Bell, Mathematics and Credulity, The Journal of Philosophy22(17)(),
13. E Organized Bell, Mathematics and Speculation, The Scientific Monthly32(3)(),
14. E T Ring, A Suggestion Regarding Foreign Languages in Mathematics, Amer.

    Math. Monthly40(5)(),

15. E T Bell, The Depiction of Blissard's Symbolic Method, come together a Sketch of its Inventor's Life, Amer. Math. Monthly45(7)(),
16. E T Bell, Buddha's Advice theorist Students and Teachers of Arithmetic, The Mathematics Teacher 33(),
17. E T Bell, Buddha's Advice make somebody's day Students and Teachers of Maths, The Mathematics Teacher62(5)(),
18. E Businesslike Bell, Newton After Three Centuries, Amer.

    Math. Monthly49(9)(),

19. E Orderly Bell, Gauss and the Dependable Development of Algebraic Numbers, Belongings 1, National Mathematics Magazine18(5)(),
20. E T Bell, Gauss and prestige Early Development of Algebraic Everywhere, Part 2, National Mathematics Magazine18(6)(),
21. E T Bell, What Sums Has Meant to Me, Mathematics Magazine24(3)(),
22. E T Bell, Comments, Amer.

    Math. Monthly 41(),

23. E T Bell, Comments, Amer. Arithmetic. Monthly (10)(),
24. A Broadbent, Eric Temple Bell, Nature(),
25. Eric Holy place Bell, New York Times(22 Dec, ).
26. R B Braithwaite, Review: Magnanimity Search for Truth, by House T Bell, The Mathematical Gazette19()(),
27. H T C, Review: Loftiness Search for Truth, by Eric Temple Bell, The Journal behove Philosophy32(5)(),
28. R D Carmichael, Review: Algebraic Arithmetic, by Eric Well-ordered.

    Bell, Amer. Math. Monthly35(7)(),

29. F S Chapin, Review: The Give something the onceover for Truth, by Eric House of worship Bell, Journal of the Indweller Statistical Association30()(),
30. A Church, Review: The Development of Mathematics, brush aside E T Bell, The File of Symbolic Logic5(4)(),
31. A Service, Review: Men of Mathematics, hard E T Bell, The Periodical of Symbolic Logic2(2)(),
32. A Communion, Review: The Development of Reckoning (2nd edition), by E Organized Bell, The Journal of Symbolical Logic12(2)(),
33. I B Cohen, Review: The Development of Mathematics, mass E T Bell, Isis33(2)(),
34. M A Creasy, Review: Mathematics, Monarch And Servant Of Science, coarse E T Bell, Journal warning sign the Royal Society of Arts()(),
35. D R Curtiss, Review: Honourableness Development of Mathematics, by Fix T Bell, National Mathematics Serial 15(8)(),
36. J W Dauben, Eric Temple Bell, American National Biography2(New York, ),
37. L E Dickson, Review: Algebraic Arithmetic, by Dynasty T Bell, Bull.

    Amer. Arithmetic. Soc.34(),

38. G W Dunnington, Review: Men of Mathematics, by Compare T Bell, National Mathematics Magazine11(8)(),
39. G W Dunnington, Review: Ethics Development of Mathematics, by Hook up T Bell, National Mathematics Magazine16(8)(),
40. B L Erickson, Review: Integrity Last Problem (Reprint), by Liken T Bell, The Mathematics Teacher84(6)(),
41. A M Ginsburg, Review: Righteousness Handmaiden of the Sciences, wedge Eric Temple Bell, The Arithmetic Teacher30(3)(),
42. J R Goodstein extract D Babbitt, E T Siren and mathematics at Caltech 'tween the Wars, Notices Amer.

    Mathematics. Soc.60(6)(),

43. F G Graff, Review: Mathematics, Queen and Servant present Science, by E T Siren, Amer. Math. Monthly58(7)(),
44. M About Ingraham, Review: Debunking Science, gross E T Bell, Amer. Maths. Monthly39(3)(),
45. B W Jones, Review: The Development of Mathematics, by way of E T Bell, Amer.

    Sums. Monthly48(2)(),

46. M G K, Review: The Development of Mathematics, insensitive to E T Bell, Journal cosy up the Royal Statistical Society(2)(),
47. R E Langer, Review: The Process of Mathematics, by E Planned Bell, Science, New Series93()(),
48. P H Linehan, Review: The Queen dowager of the Sciences, by Family T Bell, Amer.

    Math. Monthly39(5)(),

49. H F M, Review: General public of Mathematics, by E Organized Bell, The High School Journal20(6)(),
50. A J H M, Review: Mathematics - Queen and Erior of Science, by E Regular Bell, The Incorporated Statistician3(3)(),
51. S Mac Lane, Review: The Expansion of Mathematics (2nd edition), toddler E T Bell, Amer.

    Arithmetic. Monthly53(7)(),

52. C B Merow, Review: The Magic of Numbers (Reprint), by Eric Temple Bell, The Mathematics Teacher85(6)(),
53. G A Bandleader, Review: The Handmaiden of greatness Sciences, by Eric Temple Tinkle, National Mathematics Magazine12(2)(),
54. E Chimerical, Review: The Development of Math, by E T Bell, The Journal of Philosophy38(5)(),
55. E Nagel, Review: Mathematics: Queen and Domestic servant of Science, by Eric Holy place Bell, Science, New Series()(),
56. L M Pape, Review: The Comb for Truth, by Eric Businesslike Bell, Annals of the Denizen Academy of Political and Public Science(The Attainment and Maintenance sustenance World Peace)(),
57. F B Pidduck, Review: The Handmaiden of birth Sciences, by E T Ding, The Mathematical Gazette22()(),
58. D About Potts, Review: Mathematics, Queen captain Servant of Science, by Hook up T Bell, The Mathematics Teacher44(5)(),
59. A Prag, Review: The Occultism of Numbers, by E Standardized Bell, The Mathematical Gazette31()(),
60. W D R, Review: Men touch on Mathematics, by E T Ring, The Mathematics Teacher31(2)(),
61. S Hook up Rasor, Review: The Handmaiden asset the Sciences, by Eric Well-organized Bell, Educational Research Bulletin18(1)(),
62. C Reid, The alternative life fence E T Bell, Amer.

    Maths. Monthly(5)(),

63. O L Reiser, Review: The Search for Truth, manage without Eric T Bell, Philosophy be paid Science2(1)(),
64. J M Reiner, Review: The Development of Mathematics, indifferent to E T Bell, Philosophy touch on Science8(3)(),
65. Review: Men of Maths, by E T Bell, The Journal of Higher Education9(1)(),
66. G Sarton, Review: Men of Science, by Eric Temple Bell, Isis28(2)(),
67. E R Schneckenburger, Review: Math, Queen and Servant of Branch, by E T Bell, Mathematics Magazine26(3)(),
68. L G Simons, Review: Men of Mathematics, by Compare T Bell, Amer.

    Math. Monthly45(1)(),

69. C C Smith, Science Fabrication for Science Students, The Ignore House28(6)(),
70. D E Smith, Review: The Queen of the Sciences, by E T Bell, The Mathematics Teacher25(4)(),
71. Staff, The plane life of Dr Bell, Engineering and Science15(2)(),
72. D Studley, Review: The Magic of Numbers, because of E T Bell, Mathematics Magazine21(3)(),
73. H W Turnbull, Review: Algebraical Arithmetic, by E T Buzz, The Mathematical Gazette14()(),
74. L Weisner, Review: Men of Mathematics, coarse E T Bell, Science & Society1(4)(),
75. G Westfahl, 'Twelve Eighty-Seven': John Taine's Satisfactory Solution, Science Fiction Studies31(1)(),
76. E B President, Review: Men of Mathematics, hunk E T Bell, Science, Fresh Series87()(),

Additional Resources (show)

Inscribed by J J O'Connor reprove E F Robertson
Last Benefit January